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s article discusses the two stages of Brazil's Programa de Acelerao do Crescimento (Growth Acceleration Programme', also known as PAC'). Aimed at assisting the country's economic progression, the PAC is mainly focused around improving Brazil's infrastructure through a variety of means.
*** PAC-1 (Programa de Acelerao do Crescimento 1 / Growth Acceleration Programme One) ***
Initiated on 28th January 2007, the PAC-1 was structured upon a four year implementation strategy, composed of five levels, in order of priority:
1) Infrastructural measures largely focused around energy (via the means of interest payment reductions as well as gas industry subsidies and tax reliefs); transportation (roads [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], highways, ports, airports, urban transport), housing and sanitation;
2) Measures to encourage credit and financing;
3) Improved environmental regulatory frameworks;
4) Tax relief, largely focused around the poorer ends of society;
5) Fiscal measures for the long term.
The aim of the $R 513 billion programme was, in turn, to accelerate private investment and was allocated in the following channels:
Energia (Energy) out of a total of R$ 274.8 billion, R$ 179.0 billion was invested in oil and natural gas; R $ $ 65.9 billion in power generation; R$ 17.4 billion in renewable fuels and R$ 12.5 billion in electricity transportation.
Melhorias Infraestrutura Social e Urbana (Social Infrastructure and Urban Improvements') out of a total of R$ 170.8 billion [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], R$ 106.3 billion was invested in housing improving projects (with majority allocated in lower class areas); R$ 40 billion in basic sanitation; R$ 12.7 billion in water system improvements; R$8.7 billion on the Luz Para Todos programme (Light for All', which entitles households in rural areas to get a free spot light per room with electricity two sockets) and R$ 3.1 billion on improving subway systems (particularly in Rio de Janeiro and So Paulo).
Transporte Logstica (Transport Logistics') out of a total of R$ 58.3 billion, R$33.4 billion was invested in the country's highways; R$ 10.6 billion in the merchant navy; R$ 7.9 billion in railways; R$ 3 billion in airport infrastructure; R$ 2.7 billion in ports and R$ 700 million on public waterways.
Shortly after the introduction of the programme [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], a sub-project entitled PAC das Crianas (PAC for Children') was also launched focused at addressing the fundamental causes of violence against children and adolescents. R$ 2.9 billion was allocated to renovate and construct 49 buildings to house young people in this predicament supported by counselling, educational programmes, sporting academies, libraries, workshops and clinics. In conjunction with this, a programme was created to pass a one-off grant to families to bring back their abandoned children (an unfortunate consequence in the poorer parts of the country). The source of the funding for PAC-1 largely came from both state enterprises (including an investment by Petrobras of R$ 148.7 billion) and the private sector as well as a proportion from fiscal and social security receipts.
The main criticism the programme has attracted has been with regards to its slow implementation: at the target completion date of March 2010, only 63 percent of the funding was spent. At the time, President Lula publically stated his dissatisfaction: "I'm not happy with what we have done so far, the poor people of this country needs us to do more and the economy needs to happen." Further pressure was subsequently put on state heads and municipality governments to carry out projects efficiently within set timeframes. Despite these issues, the overall impact of the PAC-1 has been viewed as a positive step for Brazil from all sections of society. Launched amidst the global economic crisis, many have cited the programme as a major contributory factor which assisted in Brazil's excelled recovery particularly as a result of the increased employme