ugg boots Lectures on Multimodal Transport (15) Ar

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Lectures on Multimodal Transport (15) Article about the effectiveness of multimodal transport document the evidence (of four)

Requirements. Hague Rules and Hague Visby Rules, although not directly to the delayed delivery of the goods and to provide for liability, but the rules several times referred to as \the delay in delivery caused by loss or damage, and the Hamburg Rules and the subsequent development of the Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods and multimodal transport contract for the parties to the voluntary use of international harmonization of rules and the Joint United Nations Conference on the transport document / international multimodal transport rules will delay the delivery of documents and the liability covered by the Convention or the Rules. Multimodal transport, whether it is the responsibility system of a unified convention of international multimodal transport of goods, or the network liability system of uniform international rules or the Joint United Nations Conference on the transport document / rules of international multimodal transport documents there on more than intermodal transport operators should bear responsibility for late delivery terms, and in principle should be applicable to the relevant conventions or rules of proof of delay in delivery of the terms included in the multimodal transport documents among the multimodal transport contract. However, this is the responsibility of several different systems and rules of the Convention under the provisions of the delayed delivery of the scope of responsibility and disclaimer,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and the possible problems are not identical. 1) responsibility system under the uniform delay in the delivery system using a unified responsibility for the Convention on International Multimodal Transport of Goods under the multimodal transport operator the scope of responsibility of late delivery network liability system than under the rules of the scope of two more wide. And Hamburg Rules, as the first Convention, Hamburg Rules reiterated late delivery of the clear meaning: \-style operators that could reasonably be delivered within the required time,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the delay in delivery. \the goods have been lost, \the total amount of freight. \Which include: First, such provisions of the multimodal transport operator responsible for delay in delivery of the range,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], although on the surface it seems like quite extensive, but in fact wanted to exempt the multimodal transport operator is not difficult, multimodal transport contract as long as he proves on the multimodal transport document, the terms of the standard conventions of printing the delivery of goods as a longer period of time (eg one year), in fact, is equivalent to this provision has lapsed because if the time up to one year and three months after the presumed loss of the goods is no longer practical. However, questions like this, in fact, business has not been widely recognized. Because, usually considered mandatory for all modes of transport have an international convention or national law relating to any direct or indirect violation of the provisions of the Convention or national legislation are considered invalid provisions, which of course includes the carrier should be responsible for delay in delivery terms, while the Multimodal Transport Convention applies as a mandatory international convention on multimodal transport contract late delivery u, flnq of course, the terms should be forced to apply to multimodal transport contract, the contract for any direct or indirect violation of the provisions of Convention Of course,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], should also be invalid. Therefore, to extend the delivery time of the contract agreement has the potential to delay in delivery terms under the Convention is the failure of the doubt does not exist. Secondly, the question is about the presumption of loss. The so-called presumption of loss, that is, assume that the goods have been lost, rather than physical goods, the real loss. Convention date specified in the contract or the parties reasonable request within the time limit does not deliver the goods after the 90d, the claim to the cargo that the goods have been lost and for compensation. In fact, this idea comes under the Convention on international railway cargo transportation and international road transport of goods corresponding provisions of the Convention. For the carrier, this is-f 't' is undeniable that the assumption, that is an irrefutable presumption. Although the delivery date has been determined under the conditions, 90d period starting ~, llnq is certain, and in the delivery date is not clear when the starting ~, llnq often with quite arbitrary, but that is more adapted intermodal transport may be characterized by different made by the Convention on road and rail conventions or different provisions. Multimodal transport, in the proof of the multimodal transport contract to include multimodal transport document the loss of the provisions of the Convention on the presumption that help to address long-term claims proceedings should be unable to deliver the goods for loss or late delivery by the provisions dealing with disputes. (Continued)

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