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Loess Plateau model of management type of agroforestry research

5 pepper a pepper crop intercropping is widely cultivated in China spices, oil trees. The area mainly in the Yellow River and Yan River basin. Law of the area between grain crops have 3 modes, namely, to ridge-type, hedge style, pepper crop type. 3.3.6 Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba, also known as a soybean smell ginkgo, widely used, is a Principal quality economic forest. This mode of Ansai County in 1997, Yu family on the Kawamura new configuration. 3.3.7 Vegetable asked for a grape vine planted in their houses than outside, mainly planted in a place away from the City closer, especially as many beaches. Fan-shaped form by Lijia pruning vineyards, between the lines, between the crops to vegetables, and efficiency significantly. Second shilipu in Yan'an City, according to survey, 3 years old vineyard (spacing of 3m × l_5m), between the 2 sets of vegetable crop year, the first crop of early vegetables 1: beans, peppers, eggplant, tomatoes, income, 4.5 yuan / hm; crop Qiucai 2: Chinese cabbage, cabbage,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], income, 4.5 ~ 60 thousand yuan / hm. . Grape income 0.75 09,000 yuan / hm, a total income of 9.75 ~ ¨. 4 million / (hm. · A), 3 million annual investment / hm, output to input ratio of 3.3 to 3.8:1. 3.3.8 walnut asked for a walnut tree crops of high economic value dual-purpose fruit and timber species, also known Oil Trees. Suide walnut tree to the area, extending to a maximum, Yan'an, sub-long second, Zhidan, Mizhi only a small amount of planting. Walnut tree spacing of 4m × 5ril, can be intercropped beans, potatoes, vegetables, there are intercropping millet, sorghum example. 3.3.9 Hawthorn Hawthorn is a crop to ask for a higher economic value of medicinal, fruit with the trees. Ansai County, Yan'an City, cultivation, between the beans and potato crops, mainly vegetables. Gao hilly Ansai County average 6 year old hawthorn tree height 4.0ril, base diameter l1.25cm, spacing of 3m × 4ril, producing fruit 1_5 million / hm, income, 1.2 million / hm. 3.3.10 break crop for black locust black locust is a good protective timber tree species in the Loess Plateau, the leaves can be used for feed, in a certain area of the loess hilly region. Locust Agroforestry Development tending a forest, there has been only short-term economic income, so in order to raise short-long. According to Liang village in Yan'an City, Kawaguchi, the top survey, 5 years old Locust High 2.95m,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], diameter 2.6cm, between the kinds of high soy locust CHONG 3.7m, diameter 3.4cm, respectively, do not ask for a 25 and 30 .8, and also harvest 375kg/hm soybeans. · D'3 .3. ¨ crops poplar shelterbelt forest network for the small grid, narrow belts, mesh size 4hm, net cultivation of sorghum, millet, vegetables, potato, ephedra and other, mainly in hilly areas and sandy areas the transition zone. Willow Bay, according to the Jingbian County Farm survey,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], grid plant ephedra, 3a herbs can be harvested 0.9 15 000 kg / hm. , Income of up to 1.8 ~ 30,000 yuan / hm. 3.3.12 aspen forest or forest with chip, apple crops crops are beans, potatoes, vegetables, ephedra and so on. 3.3.13 Linyi Mu Type This refers to the business units in the same combination of Shanglin and animal husbandry. This combination is the promotion and development of local production and increased income as a major means and measures to promote animal husbandry played by forests in order to promote agriculture, animal husbandry and the role. The area is mainly under the acacia forests and Populus sheep. 3.3.14 forest-based rural pastoral garden courtyard economy is concurrently engaged in agricultural ecosystems in the calyx of a main component. Many rural courtyard in loess hilly region, farmers were implemented,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], comprehensive management of intensive animal husbandry, and its considerable benefits, but also to improve labor productivity, increase technological and social benefits, improve the ecological environment and provide the market with great variety of forest, agriculture, animal husbandry, Deputy, special products to meet the needs of the people. According to investigations in the loess hilly area, especially farmers courtyard (Deputy) concurrently mode of operation for tree, shrub and grass, livestock integration. The upper tree, the main tree species are poplar, willow, apple, pear, apricot: the middle for the shrubs, trees and saplings for the pepper; lower for herbaceous plants, including vegetables, herbs and flowers; herd as sheep, pigs, chickens. 4 Conclusion and discussion 4.1 from the hilly area of Loess Plateau of agroforestry management type and mode of research can be seen, complex operations is towards the use of land resources utilization from a single, mono-cropping to multiple plant and extensive operation to intensive effective way. One Zaonong intercropping, intercropping and other types of fruit and mode ephedra able to form a pillar industry to achieve economies of scale. 4.2 The management techniques of agroforestry in the key aspect is the science select the best species (species), full use of the phase between the nature of species, to avoid phase (the transfer 4l page) ore

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